Nihon wo shiru pdf

Skip to main content. The Oriental Studies. The Holodomor through the Japanese Eyes. Abstract: The research of Japanese experts on the history of the Soviet Union and Russia included the famine in Ukraine in the context of famine which at that time covered the territory of southern Russia, the Urals, the Volga region, and Kazakhstan.

Full text PDF. In Ukrainian. Osipchuk I. In Russian. Gamache R. Gamashe R. Not only does the purchase of the garment itself involves consumption, but also the appropriate training of how to wear a kimono kitsuke is related to the consumption of education and experience. However, the major distinction was made between wafuku Japanese clothing and yo— fuku Western clothing , a distinction that has remained until today and has found its way into the lexicon.

The kimono is an example of a tradition that could only be recognized and named as such through the encounter with a contrasting other, which elevated the kimono to a symbol of unique Japanese clothing. In its contemporary form the kimono is an invention of the Meiji period and represents the most formal wear. The kimono is by no means the only native garment. Apart from the kimono, many variations of partially more casual wafuku, such as the yukata, continue to be worn by both genders.

In her book Kimono, Dalby has devoted a whole chapter to the practical folk clothing of farmers during the Meiji period and the twentieth century Dalby — The Kimono and Consumption The kimono is related to consumption in many different ways.

The sociologist John Clammer has argued that aesthetic sensibility in Japan is not so much expressed in any conventionally artistic form such as art or architecture, but rather in mundane activities of the everyday life such as shopping Clammer Wearing a kimono in contemporary Japan is as much about displaying a sense of aesthetic sensibility as it is about consumption.

Moreover, the kimono represents conspicuous consumption. Closely related to the importance of appropriate kimono attire is yet another form of consumption: kimono schools that have increasingly emerged since the s Dalby — For example, not only is the proper way of dressing in a kimono important, but it is also vital to practice how to walk in a kimono, how to bow in a kimono, and how to fold a kimono.

Younger women, in particular, who have not been trained in how wear their native garment, are taught appropriate kimono wearing, posture, and manners. Not only has the dress itself has become an object of consumption, but a whole industry has emerged around preserving the art of kimono wearing.

Moreover, the kimono as the garment worn by geisha has been reinvented as a symbol that is being used to uphold the enigma of Japanese culture. In the introduction I have shown that the kimono is an invented tradition Hobsbawm and Ranger that has gone through a long historical process of awareness, invention, and reinvention and is moreover closely related to consumption.

I argue that this process has not come to a halt in contemporary Japanese society. Research Method For this study I have used a combined quantitative and qualitative approach. Firstly, I have examined data on recent kimono sales in Japan and secondly, I have conducted participant observation and in-depth interviews with two organizations whose participants are dedicated to the kimono.

These two organizations were deliberately chosen in order to show two diametrically opposed approaches towards the kimono and to provide an insight on how differently the kimono is being reinvented in contemporary society.

I interviewed members of the organization Kimono de Ginza in Tokyo during three of their monthly meetings in and in Tokyo October 8 , November 12 , May 13 Furthermore, kimonos or kimono-related wear such as the obi are passed on from one generation to the next. A kimono might, therefore, be inherited rather than purchased, in which case it remains within one family for generations and does not appear in any statistical record. According to the data of Kimono Nippon , the Kyoto Founda- tion for the Promotion of Japanese Dress, the sales of wafuku amounted to billion yen in the year According to an article in the Japan Times Online Nakamura the new kimono market shrank from Especially women in their twenties Moreover, unmarried women demonstrated a stronger interest in buying kimonos Sales of second-hand kimonos recycled kimonos and casual kimonos were also examined in this survey.

If second-hand kimonos were bought, they tended to be of low cost, approximately 10, yen. Women in their forties were the largest group of respondents who possessed a casual kimono According to the few data that are available, purchases of kimonos remain rare and more often consist of the acquisition of kimono-related goods such as footwear. Although there seems to be a slight tendency towards an increase of second-hand kimonos and casual kimonos, the results of the survey conducted by Yano Research Institute clearly show that more moderately priced second-hand kimonos and casual kimono wear are not yet associated with a very positive image.

However, as women began to show an interest in the activities, women were able to join the group the following year. Depending on weather conditions between eighty and a hundred participants, men, women, and children of all ages, meet once a month on the Ginza, an exclusive shopping district in Tokyo. There is no membership in the true sense—participation is free to anyone who wears a kimono on the day of the occasion.

The gatherings are merged with the latest technology: a picture of each meeting is displayed on the website homepage where future meetings are also announced. After the photo shoot the group splits up into smaller groups to go for a walk in the vicinity or to take a stroll around department stores to shop for kimonos and kimono-related accessories.

Motives: Playfulness and Study The motives of participants for joining the monthly gatherings varied greatly. Some participants mentioned that there is little or no chance for them to wear their kimono in everyday life, so the event provides a rare opportunity to wear their native dress. Some participants favor the timelessness of the kimono: whereas yo— fuku have allowed gender boundaries to blur and have undergone frequent changes in colors, patterns, length, and shapes of clothes, the shape of a kimono has remained unchanged.

Between Tradition and Innovation A combination of playfulness and study was visible throughout the meetings. Younger participants were interested in acquiring more knowledge about how to wear a kimono and were seeking advice from older participants about color combinations and the appropriate kimonos for different occasions.

Some members expressed pleasure in stepping out of their everyday life. The word de is written in Roman letters. Experimenting with the vocabulary of foreign languages or with the use of katakana instead of Chinese characters or hiragana adds an element of fashionableness to kimonos.

Moreover, adding Roman letters to the name suggests that the kimono is not being interpreted as a solely Japanese garment, but presents itself as an increasingly cosmopolitan piece of clothing. Closeness to Consumption Throughout the gatherings consumption remained an important topic of conversation. Participants compared prices of kimonos and were especially proud when they had bought a very reasonable item from a second-hand kimono retailer.

The majority of the participants chose to wear cotton instead of silk and emphasized their choice of wearing a reasonably priced kimono as a conscious decision. Inheritance from family members also played an important role. Several participants combined a new or a second-hand kimono with a sash they had inherited from their mothers or grandmothers which shows an aspiration to maintain family traditions]. Fitzgerald, M. Wood, and C. Academy of Management Journal 48 1 : — CrossRef Google Scholar.

The Fogarty Institute of Innovation. Accessed 15 October Higashi, Fumie. Hogle, F. Emerging Medical Technologies. In: Edward J.

Igeta, H. Hiejima, N. Higuchi, H. Kotouge, and A. Iizuka Hospital. Innovation Promotion Unit]. Ikeno, Fumiaki. Tokyo: Adthree Publishing.

They appreciate the taste of the nuts and use the shape of Ginkgo leaves in logos. How old is the oldest G. Is it native to Japan? If not, when and how did it come here? When did G. What about the name? It is known that the generic name Ginkgo originates from a Japanese name for this plant, but there have been many discussions on the name and spelling both inside and outside Japan: is it a misspelling or a misprint? Believing that we could expect to uncover the history of G.

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